pepperberg study procedure

[Google Scholar] Pepperberg, I.M. The aim, background, research method, design, procedure, results, conclusion, strengths and weaknesses. Numbers (of animals) (1 mark). 1 mark for definition The consistency of a procedure/task/measure; whether the procedure/task/measure produces the same results with the Study Pepperberg flashcards from (Sherry) 书恬 雷's class online, ... Civil Procedure Constitutional Law Contract Law Corporate Law Criminal Law Evidence Family Law ... - none of the studies shown actual labeling of the relation of sameness or differences 10 Tes paid licence How can I reuse this? 7(a) From the study by Pepperberg (parrot learning): Identify two colours that Alex the parrot could already name before this study began. 10th - 12th grade. 0 times. Studies have found that non-human primates have the ability to express abstract ideas. Unlike M/R procedures others have used (Todt, 1975; see discussion in Pepperberg & Sherman, 2000), we interchange roles of trainer and model, and include the parrot in interactions. Pepperberg (1987) study on symbolic representation. ... - Was in studies involving cognition and communication -He was already familiar with 80+ objects ... 2-4 times a week. Alex had freedom to move about the lab, had appropriate food, water, and toys. is based on the concept of ‘Theory of Mind’. 30 seconds. It is based on the concept of modelling demonstrated in the first study in this chapter by Bandura et al. Replacement (1 mark). Boca Raton Community High School. 2 UCLS 2021 9990/12/M/J/21 Answer all questions. Neither subject had been explicitly trained to produce move-ment in response to acoustic material. 1 mark per correct point Because this study is an in depth comparison of train- ing protocols, I describe the M/R procedure in some detail although the material is available elsewhere (Pepperberg 1981, 1988b, 1990a, b, c). Bruce Hesse. The study of optical illusions in birds, small prey-animals with the capacity for flight and thus likely an even greater ... Pepperberg 1999, 2006); for tasks that primarily involve visual processing, however, differences may be more striking. study by Bandura et al. procedures (see Pepperberg, 1999), ours interchanges the roles of. ..... [4] (b) Explain one similarity and one difference between the study by Pepperberg and one other core study from the learning approach. A behavioral look at the training of Alex: A review of Pepperberg's the Alex studies: Cognitive and communicative abilities of grey parrots. PSYCH 2107360 Study finds significant variations in care between physicians Doctors who follow guidelines for basic procedures generally achieve better outcomes than those who deviate. Examine the role of classical conditioning in relation to fear and avoidance of a particular stimulus; to see if using a type of exposure therapy would reduce the disgust and distress associated with buttons. flashcards. Learning in parrots The primary technique, called the model/rival, or M/R, approach, has humans demonstrate to the parrot the types of interactive responses desired. (eyes test): (a) Outline one aim of this study. Use of probes Pepperberg was concerned that Alex might not be attending to the questions but instead just responding to … I am Dr. Irene Pepperberg, a researcher at Harvard University in the field of animal cognition, specifically of African Grey parrots. Alex, a 30-year-old male Grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus), had been the subject of cognitive and communicative studies for 29 years, including many involving numerical competence (Pepperberg 1987, 1994, 2006a, b; Pepperberg and Gordon 2005).Testing locations and living conditions when neither testing nor training was in progress were described in … Q. Save. Although we are sym-pathetic with the difficulties of conducting experiments with free- Previous studies (Pepperberg, 1981, Pepperberg, 1990c, Pepperberg, 1992b, Pepperberg, 1994b; Pepperberg and McLaughlin, 1996) had demonstrated that social interaction, reference, and full functional experience can be important for such learning. Describe this procedure. Dr. Pepperberg currently works with 4 African Grey Parrots. Communicative Studies of Grey Parrots (Psittacus erithacus) Irene M. Pepperberg . Q. Describe what is meant by ‘Theory of Mind’. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Alex’s ability to work in the vocal mode. device via an attached pole, their procedure with dogs avoids the cuing that may occur when the hiding locations are touched and lifted directly by an experimenter, as in the classic task used with children, as well as with nonhuman primates (e.g., Natale et al., 1986) and parrots (e.g., Pepperberg & Funk, 1990). View Olivia_Cigale_-_016_LEARNING_PSYCHOLOGY_PEPPERBERG_PROCEDURE from PSYCH 2107360 at Boca Raton Community High School. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Irene M. Pepperberg, Department of Psychology, William James Hall, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138. 1). Alex was able to quantify up to six-item sets using English labels with an accuracy of 80%, and remaining unaffected by array quantity, mass, or contour (Pepperberg, 1994; Pepperberg & Gordon, 2005). Pepperberg Study DRAFT. trainer and model, and includes. 4 UCLS 2021 9990/11/M/J/21 (b) (i) Explain how one finding from the study by Pepperberg supports the assumption of the learning approach that you have described in (a). The results of these studies (Pepperberg et al., 2008; Pepperberg and Nakayama, 2016) demonstrate how testing nonhumans that understand and appropriately use symbolic reference allows the closest possible comparison with human data, an examination of exactly how nonhumans perceive their world, and of how this perceived information is processed. Dr. Irene Pepperberg studies Grey parrots. Pepperberg, who continues her avian cognition studies with two younger parrots, Griffin and Arthur (aka Wart), recently released "Alex & Me" (HarperCollins, 2008). 1 In the study by Pepperberg (parrot learning), several features of the procedure helped to improve reliability. During M/R training, humans demonstrate to a bird different types of targeted interactions. by paulisp204_22240. 334 pp., US$ 39.95. Explain the procedure of this technique. Pepperberg Study DRAFT. They were deceived into thinking it was a test of learning. ... What was the procedure used when the questions were repeated until the correct response was given? Unfortunately, all of these studies have used Uzgiris and Hunt’s (1975) testing procedure, which has been criticized on the grounds that it systematically tests Infants as young as 17-months and some individuals of almost all species tested succeed. Method This was an animal case study involving one subject who was trained and tested over a couple of years. J. Comp. Humans are not the only animals capable of making meaningful communication. [2] (ii) Explain how one finding from the study by Pepperberg does not support the assumption of the learning approach that you have described in (a). 6 UCLES 2020 9990/13/O/N/20 7 From the study by Baron-Cohen et al. A Level Psychology (AS Edexcel) This class was created by Brainscape user (Sherry) 书恬 雷. KEYWORDS birds, cognition, communication, Grey parrots . Tags: Question 16. The language-trained apes in Johnson-Pynn et al.’s study used the subassembly procedure at the same rate as the other apes and monkeys. 1990, 104, 41–52. The participant and a confederate, drew lots to decide who would be the teacher and the learner. 1 mark per point about Theory of Mind 1 mark can be awarded for an appropriate example or part of the procedure of a study (e.g. Subject. a day ago. Alo had acquired `cork' and `paper' via M/R training before the present study began. Many studies have produced results showing that non-human primates have the cognitive capacity to … sivity in parrots (Pepperberg and Wilcox 2000, for defini-tions of terms more commonly used in the study of language in humans, refer to Table 1), which guides chil-dren’s early label learning, as well as a three-part technique she termed referential mapping (Pepperberg 1990). learners. Studies performed by Pepperberg on Alex the parrot illustrated the impressive numerical competences owned by avian species (Pepperberg, 2009). [2] 5 From the study by Saavedra and Silverman … (a) Describe what the principal trainer would do during the ‘test procedures’..... [4] (b) Outline how the overall test score was calculated in this study. IRENE PEPPERBERG studies Grey parrots. 3(b) Outline one methodological strength of this study. 1 mark for definition 1 mark for linked example Ł reliability is about consistency = 1 mark Ł to be reliable, measures must measure the phenomenon in the same way each time = 1 mark Ł e.g. Dr. Pepperberg is a pioneer in the field of avian cognition and language development. 1. preclinical trial - a laboratory test of a new drug or a new invasive medical device on animal subjects; conducted to gather evidence justifying a clinical trial. study, the two-trainer system succeeded whereas various single-trainer procedures had failed. And the amazing studies on vocal learning in songbirds, showing the striking comparisons be-tween the process of song acquisition and human language learning (e.g., Marler, 1973), inspired me to begin work on training a Grey parrot to use referential speech (Pepperberg, 1981). 1 From the study by Yamamoto et al. Social Modeling Theory and Its Application to Birds Cognition in an African Grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus): Further evidence for comprehension of categories and labels. 2007) pass Stage 6 tests of object permanence. Eyes Test or Sally-Anne Test) that is used as an elaboration. Flashcard maker: (Sherry) 书恬 雷. Pepperberg, I.M. 1999: The Alex Studies. [4] • 1 mark per correct feature of the procedure • One human acts as a trainer/teacher to a second human; Correction procedure . Saavedra and Silverman. Her work with Alex was groundbreaking and created the first crack in the bird brain stereotype. 1992a. The draw was fixed – the participant was always the teacher. standardised the procedure, e.g. The study was on only one boy so a lot of data could be collected (1 mark). Name one conclusion of Pepperberg. 1 mark per correct statement Use of probes Pepperberg was concerned that Alex might not be attending to the questions but instead just responding to the physical characteristics of the objects. By looking at the shapes of the objects, he could have determined the one category that was the same or different. by always having Two dolphins were exposed to reflective surfaces, and both demonstrated responses consistent with the use of the mirror to investigate marked parts of the body. Alex was to be presented with two objects that could differ with respect to three categories: color, shape, or E-mail: logical and coherent analysis of a component of the study (e.g. 1(a) State what is meant by ‘reliability’. Probe - Pepperberg was concerned that having only one correct answer would allow Alex to guess the answer correctly without having to think about the objects. Some task items had two possible answers (i.e.-Same-yellow and blue wooden triangle) What type of data? a day ago. Referential mapping: A technique for attaching functional significance to the innovative utterances of an African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus). Proficient performance of a conjunctive, recursive task by an African Grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus). The training procedure used in the Pepperberg was based on the concept of ____ by _____. The main focus of her work is to determine the cognitive and communicative abilities of these birds, and compare their abilities with those of great apes, marine mammals, and young children. Pepperberg , I. Was he particularly smart to be able to learn as much as he did? In 1977, Irene Pepperberg began training and testing an African Grey parrot, Alex, and subsequently succeeded in showing that Alex and other parrots can uselanguagemeaningfully.Over20yearsoftraining,Alexacquiredavocabulary of more than 200 words, and Pepperberg established that Alex was capable of abstraction and of using language … 2000; Zucca et al. Pepperberg, I.M. There were examples of Pepperberg using ‘blind’ techniques to improve validity (1). Therefore, the best treatment method could be designed/chosen to ensure it helped to get rid of his button phobia (1 mark) 2 Question Answer Marks 4 Describe the ‘Aggression Arousal’ procedure in the study by Bandura et al. Start studying Pepperberg (Parrot learning). The ability to recognize oneself in a mirror is an exceedingly rare capacity in the animal kingdom. Psychol. Before she began her studies with Alex, birds weren’t considered to be intelligent animals (on account of their walnut-sized brains). 8 (a) In the study by Pepperberg (parrot learning), the main way that Alex was trained was called ‘the model/rival technique’. [1] (b) State the highest voltage shock that was labelled on the shock generator. Name: Amaya Woods AICE Psychology: Core Study Breakdown Name of Study: Pepperberg (Alex the Parrot) Approach: Cognitive Author(s) and Year: Pepperberg 1987 Background of Study (Why was it done?) Pepperberg (1987) A detailed summary of the core study for the new CIE AS psychology course (9990) - contains: keywords, background, Aims/hypotheses, sampling methods/participants, experimental design, variables, controls, procedure, findings and evaluative points.

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